There has been increasing specialisation within urology.

The main sub-specialities are:

●  Functional urology: Most commonly encountered problems in elderly is urinary incontinence secondary to prostate enlargement, UTI
●  Endo-urology: surgery using key-hole techniques
●  Urological oncology: Prostate, bladder, kidney, testicular cancer.
●  Andrology: This subspecialisation deals with male fertility and sexual health.
●  Reconstructive urology: (repair and reconstruction of the lower urinary tract).